Biography famous many statistician

G [ edit ]. H [ edit ]. I [ edit ]. J [ edit ]. K [ edit ]. L [ edit ]. M [ edit ]. N [ edit ]. O [ edit ]. P [ edit ]. William Cogswell PDF. Jerome Cornfield. Gertrude M. Florence N. Edwards Deming. Ivan Fellegi. Joseph Felt. Stephen Fienberg. Richard Fletcher. Irving J. Nancy M Gordon. Mary Gray. Samuel W. Morris Hansen. Brian Harris-Kojetin.

Hartley PDF. Irene Hess PDF. Frederick L. Herman Hollerith. Harol Hotelling. Stuart Hunter. Edward Jarvis. InNightingale laid the foundation of professional nursing with the establishment of her nursing school at St Thomas' Hospital in London. It was the first secular nursing school in the world, and is now part of King's College London.

In recognition of her pioneering work in nursing, the Nightingale Pledge taken by new nurses, and the Florence Nightingale Medal, the highest international distinction a nurse can achieve, were named in her honour, and the annual International Nurses Day is celebrated on her birthday. Her social reforms included improving healthcare for all sections of British society, advocating better hunger relief in India, helping to abolish prostitution laws that were harsh for women, and expanding the acceptable forms of female participation in the workforce.

Nightingale was a prodigious and versatile writer. In her lifetime, much of her published work was concerned with spreading medical knowledge. Some of her tracts were written in simple English so that they could easily be understood by those with poor literary skills. She was also a pioneer in the use of infographics, effectively using graphical presentations of statistical data.

Much of her writing, including her extensive work on religion and mysticism, has only been published posthumously. Milton Friedman. Milton Friedman ; July 31, — November 16, was an American economist who received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and the complexity of stabilization policy.

With George Stigler and others, Friedman was among the intellectual leaders of the second generation of Chicago school of economics, a methodological movement at the University of Chicago's Department of Economics, Law School and Graduate School of Business from the s onward. Several students and young professors who were recruited or mentored by Friedman at Chicago went on to become leading economists, including Gary Becker, Robert Fogel, Thomas Sowell and Robert Lucas Jr.

Friedman's challenges to what he later called "naive Keynesian" theory began with his s reinterpretation of the consumption function. In the s, he became the main advocate opposing Keynesian government policies and described his approach along with mainstream economics as using "Keynesian language and apparatus" yet rejecting its "initial" conclusions.

He theorized that there existed a "natural" rate of unemployment and argued that unemployment below this rate would cause inflation to accelerate. He argued that the Phillips curve was in the long run vertical at the "natural rate" and predicted what would come to be known as stagflation. Friedman promoted an alternative macroeconomic viewpoint known as "monetarism" and argued that a steady, small expansion of the money supply was the preferred policy.

His ideas concerning monetary policy, taxation, privatization and deregulation influenced government policies, especially during the s. His monetary biography famous many statistician influenced the Federal Reserve's response to the global financial crisis of — His political philosophy extolled the virtues of a free market economic system with minimal intervention.

He once stated that his role in eliminating conscription in the United States was his proudest accomplishment. In his book Capitalism and Freedom, Friedman advocated policies such as a volunteer military, freely floating exchange rates, abolition of medical licenses, a negative income tax and school vouchers and opposed the war on drugs. His support for school choice led him to found the Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice, later renamed EdChoice.

Friedman's works include monographs, books, scholarly articles, papers, magazine columns, television programs and lectures and cover a broad range of economic topics and public policy issues. His books and essays have had global influence, including in former communist states. A survey of economists ranked Friedman as the second-most popular economist of the 20th century following only John Maynard Keynes and The Economist described him as "the most influential economist of the second half of the 20th century Howell Tong.

He is the father of the threshold time series models, which have extensive applications in ecology, economics, epidemiology and finance. Herman Hollerith. Herman Hollerith February 29, — November 17, was an American inventor who developed an electromechanical punched card tabulator to assist in summarizing information and, later, accounting.

He was the founder of the Tabulating Machine Company that was amalgamated via stock acquisition in with three other companies to form a fifth company, the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company, which was renamed IBM in Hollerith is regarded as one of the seminal figures in the development of data processing. His invention of the punched card tabulating machine marks the beginning of the era of semiautomatic data processing systems, and his concept dominated that landscape for nearly a century.

He became internationally known for his best-selling and controversial book, The Skeptical Environmentalistin which he argues that many of the costly measures and actions adopted by scientists and policy makers to meet the challenges of global warming will ultimately have minimal impact on the world's rising temperature. InLomborg and the Environmental Assessment Institute founded the Copenhagen Consensus, a project-based conference where prominent economists sought to establish priorities for advancing global welfare using methods based on the theory of welfare economics.

While Lomborg campaigned against the Kyoto Protocol and other measures to cut carbon emissions in the short-term, he argued for adaptation to short-term temperature rises, and for spending money on research and development for longer-term environmental solutions. His issue is not with the reality of climate change, but rather with the economic and political approaches being taken or not taken to meet the challenges of that climate change.

He is a strong advocate for focusing attention and resources on what he perceives as far more pressing world problems, such as AIDS, malaria and malnutrition. In his critique of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Lomborg stated: "Global warming is by no means our main environmental threat. Edwards Deming. William Edwards Deming October 14, — December 20, was an American engineer, statistician, professor, author, lecturer, and management consultant.

Educated initially as an electrical engineer and later specializing in mathematical physics, he helped develop the sampling techniques still used by the U. Department of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. That was in response to the growing popularity of PDCA, which Deming viewed as tampering with the meaning of Shewhart's original work.

Many in Japan credit Deming as one of the inspirations for what has become known as the Japanese post-war economic miracle of towhen Japan rose from the ashes of war on the road to becoming the second-largest economy in the world through processes partially influenced by the ideas Deming taught: Better design of products to improve service Higher level of uniform product quality Improvement of product testing in the workplace and in research centers Greater sales through side [global] marketsDeming is best known in the United States for his 14 Points Out of the Crisis, by W.

Edwards Deming, preface and his system of thought he called the "System of Profound Knowledge". The system includes four components or "lenses" through which to view the world simultaneously: Appreciating a system Understanding variation Psychology Epistemology, the theory of knowledgeDeming made a significant contribution to Japan's reputation for innovative, high-quality products, and for its economic power.

He is regarded as having had more impact on Japanese manufacturing and business than any other individual not of Japanese heritage. Despite being honored in Japan in with the establishment of the Deming Prize, he was only just beginning to win widespread recognition in the U. Persi Diaconis. Persi Warren Diaconis ; born January 31, is an American mathematician of Greek descent and former professional magician.

He is the Mary V. He is particularly known for tackling mathematical problems involving randomness and randomization, such as coin flipping and shuffling playing cards. Pat Moran. Patrick Alfred Pierce Moran FRS 14 July — 19 Septembercommonly known as Pat Moran was an Australian statistician who made significant contributions to probability theory and its application to population and evolutionary genetics.

Ernst Friedrich Schumacher 16 August — 4 September was a German statistician and economist who is best known for his proposals for human-scale, decentralised and appropriate technologies. In he published A Guide for the Perplexed as a critique of materialistic scientism and as an exploration of the nature and organisation of knowledge.

Harold Wilson. Entering Parliament inWilson was appointed a parliamentary secretary in the Attlee ministry and rose quickly through the ministerial ranks; he became Secretary for Overseas Trade in and was elevated to Cabinet shortly thereafter as President of the Board of Trade. In opposition to the next Conservative government, he served as Shadow Chancellor — and Shadow Foreign Secretary — Hugh Gaitskell, then Labour leader, died suddenly in and Wilson was elected leader.

Narrowly winning the general election, Wilson won an increased majority in a snap election. Wilson's first period as Prime Minister coincided with a period of low unemployment and relative economic prosperity, though hindered by significant problems with Britain's external balance of payments. In he sent British troops to Northern Ireland.

After losing the election to Edward Heath, he spent four years as Leader of the Opposition before the February election resulted in a hung parliament. After Heath's talks with the Liberals broke down, Wilson returned to power as leader of a minority government until another general election in October, resulting in a narrow Labour victory. A period of economic crisis had begun to hit most Western countries, and in Wilson suddenly announced his resignation as Prime Minister.

Wilson's approach to socialism was moderate compared to others in his party at the time, emphasising programmes aimed at increasing opportunity in society, rather than on the controversial socialist goal of promoting wider public ownership of industry; he took little action to pursue the Labour constitution's stated biography famous many statistician to nationalisation, though he did not formally disown it.

Himself a member of the party's "soft left", Wilson joked about leading a cabinet made up mostly of social democrats, comparing himself to a Bolshevik revolutionary presiding over a Tsarist cabinet, but there was arguably little to divide him ideologically from the cabinet majority. Overall, Wilson is seen to have managed a number of difficult political issues with considerable tactical skill, including such potentially divisive issues for his party such as the role of public ownership, membership of the European Community, and the Vietnam War; he refused to allow British troops to take part, while continuing to maintain a costly military presence east of Suez.

His stated ambition of substantially improving Britain's long-term economic performance was left largely unfulfilled. He lost his energy and drive in his second premiership, and accomplished little as the leadership split over Europe and trade union issues began tearing Labour apart. Frank Luntz. Frank Ian Luntz born February 23, is an American political consultant, pollster, and "public opinion guru" best known for developing talking points and other messaging for Republican causes.

His work has included assistance with messaging for Newt Gingrich's Contract with America, and public relations support for pro-Israel policies in the Israeli—Palestinian conflict. He advocated use of vocabulary crafted to produce a desired effect; including use of the term death tax instead of estate tax, and climate change instead of global warming.

Luntz has frequently contributed to Fox News as a commentator and analyst, as well as running focus groups during and after presidential debates on CBSN. Luntz describes his specialty as "testing language and finding words that will help his clients sell their product or turn public opinion on an issue or a candidate. Luntz's current company, Luntz Global, LLC, specializes in message creation and image management for commercial and political clients.

Victor Niederhoffer. Victor Niederhoffer born December 10, is a hedge fund manager, champion squash player, bestselling author and statistician. Joseph M. Joseph Moses Juran December 24, — February 28, was a Romanian-born American engineer and management consultant. He was an evangelist for quality and quality management, having written several books on those subjects.

He was the brother of Academy Award winner Nathan Juran. Giovanni Villani. He was a leading statesman of Florence but later gained an unsavory reputation and served time in prison as a result of the bankruptcy of a trading and banking company he worked for. His interest in and elaboration of economic details, statistical information, and political and psychological insight mark him as a more modern chronicler of late medieval Europe.

His Cronica is viewed as the first introduction of statistics as a positive element in history. However, historian Kenneth R. Bartlett notes that, in contrast to his Renaissance-era successors, "his reliance on such elements as divine providence links Villani closely with the medieval vernacular chronicle tradition. Villani was inspired to write his Cronica after attending the jubilee celebration in Rome in and noting the venerable history of that city.

He outlined the events in his Cronica year for year, following a strictly linear narrative format. He provided intricate details on many important historical events of the city of Florence and the wider region of Tuscany, such as construction projects, floods, fires, famines, and plagues. While continuing work on the Cronica and detailing the enormous loss of life during the Black Death inVillani died of the same illness.

His work on the Cronica was continued by his biography famous many statistician and nephew. Villani's work has received both praise and criticism from modern historians. The criticism is mostly aimed at his emphasis on supernatural guidance of events, his organizational style, and his glorification of the papacy and Florence. William Petty. He first became prominent serving Oliver Cromwell and the Commonwealth in Ireland.

He developed efficient methods to survey the land that was to be confiscated and given to Cromwell's soldiers. Petty was briefly a Member of the Parliament of England and was also a scientist, inventor, and merchant, and was a charter member of the Royal Society. It is for his theories on economics and his methods of political arithmetic that he is best remembered, however, and to him is attributed the philosophy of "laissez-faire" in relation to government activity.

He was knighted in Nate Silver. Nathaniel Read Silver born January 13, is an American statistician and writer who analyzes baseball see sabermetrics and elections see psephology. Silver first gained public recognition for developing PECOTA, a system for forecasting the performance and career development of Major League Baseball players, which he sold to and then managed for Baseball Prospectus from to Silver was named one of The World's Most Influential People by Time in after an election forecasting system he developed successfully predicted the outcomes in 49 of the 50 states in the U.

Presidential election. In the United States presidential election, the forecasting system correctly predicted the winner of all 50 states and the District of Columbia. While in the United States presidential election, the forecasting system incorrectly predicted the winner. The site focused on a broad range of subjects under the rubric of "data journalism".

Silver's book, The Signal and the Noise, was published in September The book has been translated into eleven languages: Chinese separate editions in traditional and simplified charactersCzech, Finnish, German, Italian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, and Spanish. Simon Kuznets. Mir Masoom Ali. Mir Masoom Ali born February 1,is a Bangladeshi American statistician, Distinguished Professor, educator, researcher and author.

He migrated to the United States in and became a naturalized citizen in Ali founded the graduate and undergraduate programs in Statistics at Ball State University. He served as editor and associate editor of several international statistical journals. Jacob Wolfowitz. Francis Galton. Sir Francis Galton, FRS ; 16 February — 17 January was an English Victorian era statistician, polymath, sociologist, psychologist, anthropologist, eugenicist, tropical explorer, geographer, inventor, meteorologist, proto-geneticist, and psychometrician.

Galton produced over papers and books. He also created the statistical concept of correlation and widely promoted regression toward the mean. He was the first to apply statistical methods to the study of human differences and inheritance of intelligence, and introduced the use of questionnaires and surveys for collecting data on human communities, which he needed for genealogical and biographical works and for his anthropometric studies.

He was a pioneer in eugenics, coining the term itself and the phrase "nature versus nurture". His book Hereditary Genius was the first social scientific attempt to study genius and greatness. As an investigator of the human mind, he founded psychometrics the science of measuring mental faculties and differential psychology and the lexical hypothesis of personality.

He devised a method for classifying fingerprints that proved useful in forensic science. He also conducted research on the power of prayer, concluding it had none by its null effects on the longevity of those prayed for. His quest for the scientific principles of diverse phenomena extended even to the optimal method for making tea. As the initiator of scientific meteorology, he devised the first weather map, proposed a theory of anticyclones, and was the first to establish a complete record of short-term climatic phenomena on a European scale.

He also invented the Galton Whistle for testing differential hearing ability.

Biography famous many statistician

He was Charles Darwin's half-cousin. Arthur Schuster. Schuster's integral is named after him. He contributed to making the University of Manchester a centre for the study of physics. David Blackwell. David Harold Blackwell April 24, — July 8, was an American statistician and mathematician who made significant contributions to game theory, probability theory, information theory, and Bayesian statistics.

He is one of the eponyms of the Rao—Blackwell theorem. Blackwell was also a pioneer in textbook writing. He wrote one of the first Bayesian textbooks, his Basic Statistics. By the time he retired, he had published over 90 books and papers on dynamic programming, game theory, and mathematical statistics. James Durbin. James Durbin FBA 30 June — 23 June was a British statistician and econometrician, known particularly for his work on time series analysis and serial correlation.

Lancelot Hogben. He developed the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis as a model organism for biological research in his early career, attacked the eugenics movement in the middle of his career, and popularised books on science, mathematics and language in his later career. Rao has been honoured by numerous colloquia, honorary biographies famous many statistician, and festschrifts and was awarded the US National Medal of Science in The American Statistical Association has described him as "a living legend whose work has influenced not just statistics, but has had far reaching implications for fields as varied as economics, genetics, anthropology, geology, national planning, demography, biometry, and medicine.

Rao is also a Senior Policy and Statistics advisor for the Indian Heart Association non-profit focused on raising South Asian cardiovascular biography famous many statistician awareness. Bradley Efron. Bradley Efron ; born May 24, is an American statistician. Fisher Pearson, Karl English Numerous innovations, including the development of the Pearson chi-squared test and the Pearson correlation.

Founded the Biometrical Society and Biometrikathe first journal of mathematical statistics and biometry [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] Spearman, Charles English Extended the Pearson correlation coefficient to the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient [ 10 ] Gosset, William Sealy known as "Student" English Discovered the Student t distribution and invented the Student's t-test [ 11 ] Anderson, Oskar Johann Viktor also known as Anderson, Oskar Nikolaevich Russian, Bulgarian, German A leading representative of the so-called Continental School of statistics.

Invented the variate difference method for analyzing time series at the same time but independently from Gosset. A pioneer of random sampling in demographics and of quantitative methods applied to socio-economic sciences. Systematized previous results with informative terminology, substantially improving previous results with mathematical analysis and claims.

Developed the analysis of varianceclarified the method of maximum likelihood without the uniform priors appearing in some previous versionsinvented the concept of sufficient statisticsdeveloped Edgeworth's use of exponential families and informationintroducing observed Fisher informationand many theoretical concepts and practical methods, particularly for the design of experiments [ 16 ] [ 17 ] [ 18 ] Bonferroni, Carlo Emilio Italian Invented the Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons Wilcoxon, Frank Irish-American Invented two statistical tests: Wilcoxon rank-sum test and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test Neyman, Jerzy Polish-American Discovered the confidence interval and co-developed the Neyman—Pearson lemma [ 19 ] Deming, W.

Edwards American Developed methods for statistical quality control [ 20 ] Pearson, Egon English Co-developed the Neyman—Pearson lemma of statistical hypothesis testing [ 21 ] de Finetti, Bruno Italian Pioneer of the "operational subjective" conception of probability. Used this as the basis for exposition of the Bayesian method of statistical analysis.

Developed the representation theorem for exchangeable random variables showing that they are the basis of the IID model in statistics. Kendall, Maurice English Co-developed methods for assessing statistical randomness ; invented Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient Tukey, John American Jointly popularized Fast Fourier transformationpioneer of exploratory data analysis and graphical presentation of data, developed the jackknife for variance estimationinvented the box plot.

See also [ edit ]. References [ edit ]. The code book : the science of secrecy from ancient Egypt to quantum cryptography 1st Anchor Books ed. New York: Anchor Books. ISBN Review of the International Statistical Institute 5 4 — Figures from the History of Probability and Statistics. University of Southampton. S: —". Statisticians in History. American Statistical Association.

Archived from the original on 25 September Human Nature Review. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. Springer-Verlag GmbH, Heidelberg. Dictionary of Scientific Biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Retrieved 26 October Archived from the original on 16 February Archived from the original on 7 March Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society.

S2CID The New York Times. Retrieved 24 September His "Basic Statistics" was one of the first textbooks on Bayesian statistics, which assess the uncertainty of future outcomes by incorporating new evidence as it arises, rather than relying on historical data. He also wrote numerous papers on multistage decision-making. Statistical Science.

Rao Receives National Medal of Science". Archived from the original on 3 March Davison; Dodge, Yadolah Oxford University Press. OCLC Johns Hopkins University Department of Biostatistics. Agresti and Meng. Lund University School of Economics and Management. Retrieved 20 August Indian Journal of History of Science. American Statistical Association Statisticians in History.

Retrieved 22 May International Statistical Review. Universities in and the establishment of the Statistical Laboratory at Iowa State". National Institute of Statistical Sciences. Archived from the original on 8 December Cornell University. Hedayat Lang 18 AprilWalter T. Stigler